Essay on Case Study Analysis Union Carbide Corporation...

The Political, Social, and Legal Environment of Business Case Study Analysis: Union Carbide Corporation and Bhopal A single slip in action may cause lasting sorrow. A slight mistake in operation at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal of India causes a lot of deaths and injuries. What a tragedy it is. Undoubtedly, there must be something wrong with the management of the plant. In addition to the plant, the governments related in India that issued permits and provided incentives for the plant, Bhopal community officials who permitted slum dwellers to move near the plant in illegal settlements, Indian environmental and safety inspectors should also be responsible for this. The governments related in India issued permits†¦show more content†¦That was really amazing to me. There is no difference whether the plant had the gauges or not in this way. Unfortunately, the refrigeration units that cooled the tanks had been shut down for five months as an economy measure. Nevertheless, every instrument has its own use. It is not allowed to ignore any one part of a machine. When the operator informed his supervisor, the supervisor suggested fixing leak after a tea break for about twenty five minutes. It is so unbelievable that a supervisor would not respond to his subordinate immediately. The situation may become totally different if the supervisor can take im mediate action to that situation at that time since a supervisor may have more knowledge or experience to control the whole situation. It never rains but it pours. The scrubber, which was designed to handle the temperature and pressure, and a flare tower, designed to burn off toxic gases before the gas escaped into the atmosphere were either down for maintenance or off-line. At the same time, the plant violated another procedure in the MIC processing manual, which called for leaving one tank empty as safety measure. When the plant superintendent arrived in the control room, gas leak was out of control already. I think that it could be a turning point at that time only if the plant superintendent could also thought of how to rescue the slumShow MoreRelatedCase Study Analysis: Union Carbide Corporation and Bhopal1097 Words   |  5 PagesBUS 784 The Political, Social, and Legal Environment of Business Case Study Analysis: Union Carbide Corporation and Bhopal Date: 11-16-99 Name: Sheng-Chi Chen Student Id.: 997541112 A single slip in action may cause lasting sorrow. A slight mistake in operation at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal of India causes a lot of deaths and injuries. What a tragedy it is. Undoubtedly, there must be something wrong with the management of the plant. In addition to the plant, theRead MoreBhopal Gas Tragedy : A Terrible Gas Leak1642 Words   |  7 PagesSutton November 11, 2015 Bhopal Gas Tragedy A terrible gas leak on December 2nd and 3rd, 1984 had some of the worst impacts on the central part of India. It happened in the late night and early morning hours on those days when the clouds where filled with gray smoke which contained Methyl Isocyanate(MIC), one of the most poisonous gases from Union Carbide plant in the city of Bhopal. It was called one of the world’s most dangerous environmental disasters. The people of Bhopal had no idea what was comingRead MoreThe Bhopal Tragedy23347 Words   |  94 PagesSUMMARY FOR THE BHOPAL TRAGEDY HISTORY AND BACKGROUND Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, the largest and one of the most economically depressed states in the nation. At 1970s, the public health infrastructure, sewage and waste system in Bhopal are still in very poor condition . Besides, mass casualty emergency response system also lacking in Bhopal. Union Carbide Corporation is one of the largest chemical and polymer companies in the united state. In 1984, Union Carbide operated in 37Read MoreCase Study Action Plan: Union Carbide Bhopal Accident2186 Words   |  9 PagesCase Study Action Plan: Union Carbide Bhopal accident Learning Team A: Michael Proffitt, Amanda Garrity, Sean Riedel, Cippy Seidler La Shonta Fuller University of Phoenix PHL 323/Ethics in Management History: Controversy Union Carbide In December of 1984 controversy surrounded Union Carbide, a chemical and polymer company founded in 1917, when the company had a poisonous gas leak from their pesticide plant in Bhopal, India. (Union Carbide Corporation, 2011) This incident killed thousandsRead MoreBhopal Gas Tragedy7928 Words   |  32 Pages[pic] TERM PAPER ON BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY : IS THE GOVERNMENT SLEEPING Submitted to :- Submitted by :- Lect.Vishwas chakranarayan Harpreet singh Roll no. A18 Section :- S1001 INDEX 1.Preface 2.Acknowledgement 3.Contents 4.IntroductionRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 PagesExecutive Summary On December 3, 1984, toxic poisonous methyl isocyanate gas leaked from Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL s) pesticide plant in Bhopal. The gas leak triggered a disaster that is now widely recognized as the world worst industrial catastrophe. Thousands of people were killed instantly and more than 25,000 people have died of gas-related illnesses, several thousands more maimed for life since. Union Carbide negotiated a settlement with the Indian Government in 1989 for $470 million - a totalRead MoreOrganizational Failure And Its Impact On Organizational Success1795 Words   |  8 PagesThere is great need to learn from failure and this cannot be overemphasized. Few organizations manage to do it well and the ones that manage to do it are few. In the past years, many corporations have failed with very few having attained success. Business and Management research has viewed organizational failure with no great regard to organizational success. Organizational failure is viewed with less s ignificance or, as being complementary to research on the success of organizations. As reportedRead MoreEssay on India: The Cause of the Bhopal Disaster2606 Words   |  11 Pages1] In 1984, the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, made the history witnessed the worst industrial disaster ever in the world. The Bhopal disaster (Bhopal Gas Tragedy) happened by gas leak incident occurred at the night time of 2-3 AM in December of 1984. The result of this gas leak caused risks for more than half million people by exposing them to chemicals hazards; one of these chemicals is methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas. Not only this, it caused an immediateRead MoreCrisis Management - Case Study6562 Words   |  27 PagesEuropean Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.27 No.3 (2009), pp.358-371  © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Crisis Management- A Case Study on Mumbai Terrorist Attack Manisha Shekhar Centre for Strategic Analysis Research Deptt. of Electronics Communication Dr. M. C. Saxena college of Engg. Technology, UPTU, Lucknow, India E-mail: manisha.shekhar123@gmail.com Tel: +91-0522-4095700; Fax: +91-0522-4095730 Abstract This paper examined theRead MoreTools and Techniques in Pr6845 Words   |  28 PagesRELATIONS 2. PUBLICITY MEDIA 3. TYPES OF PUBLICITY 4. OTHER FORMS OF PUBLICITY 5. TECHNIQUES USED TO SOLVE PR PROBLEMS 6. PR PROCESS 7. ISSUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (New Jersey Physicians case) 8. CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ( Mattel, Pepsi, Bhopal Gas Tragedy and Exxon case) 9. MODELS IN PR : Open System, Cybernetics and Roles of PR. Tools in Public Relations Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manage the publics perception of a subject. The subjects of publicity include

Beowulf a Heroic-Elegiac Poem Free Essays

Beowulf: A Heroic Elegiac Poem Beowulf is definitely a heroic-elegiac poem. Beowulf was a hero to many. He exhibited, the traits of a â€Å"good king†. We will write a custom essay sample on Beowulf: a Heroic-Elegiac Poem or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was a warrior with extraordinary abilities which made him seem superhuman. He was selfless choosing to protect the masses rather than himself. This was an act of generosity, as well as, great loyalty. There are many references in the poem to the ancestors of both Beowulf and Hrothgar. They are referred to with reverence regardless to whether they were good or bad. The references are made as lessons to the present and future kings and queens. As a heroic-elegiac poem, Beowulf begins with an example of a bad king to contrast him with a good king. Shield Sheafson who was not a good king because he demanded that clans far and wide pay homage to him. He destroyed mead halls and rampaged through the countryside. He was selfish and cruel. His heir, Beow, would be the antithesis of his father. He would be a blessing to the Danes. Beow would be known for his generosity which garnered him loyal followers. Beow was the grandfather of Hrothgar. Hrothgar was loyal, courageous, generous and protective of his kingdom. Hrothgar was a good king like his father and grandfather before him. He would decide to build a mead hall where he could share his treasures and good fortune with his people, a place where they could feast and rejoice. These events described here prove that, in fact, Beowulf is a heroic poem. The mead hall, Heorot, would only be a safe haven for a short while. The hall would come under attack. Grendel, a monster, would be annoyed by the sounds of gaiety day in and day out. Grendel would begin to terrorize the hall murdering many before the would be abandoned due to fear. Hrothgar kingdom was gripped in terror. Beowulf heard of Hrothgar’s plight and decided he needed his help. Beowulf was known to have the strength of thirty men in each arm. He would travel to Hrothgar’s kingdom to volunteer to be their defender against Grendel. He demonstrated selflessness, courage and generosity for the people of another land. All these are attributes of a good king and hero as shown in the poem. The transitory state of human relationships is shown in the repeated conquests of Beowulf. Beowulf killed Grendel and then he would have to kill Grendel’s mother who was seeking revenge for her child’s death. He was rewarded many times over by Hrothgar and he shared his good fortune with his men. Hrothgar offered him the throne. Beowulf declined in deference to the rightful heirs. Beowulf, eventually, becomes the king of the Geats. â€Å"He ruled (it) well for fifty winters, grew old and wise as warden of the land. † He is tested for a final time. His kingdom is threatened by a dragon. Beowulf challenges the dragon alone and he is mortally wounded. Wiglaf was the only warrior to remain by his side. Wiglaf stated, â€Å"Anyone ready to admit the truth will surely realize that the lord of men who showered you with gifts and gave you he armor you are standing in—when he would distribute helmets and mail-shirts to men on the mead-benches, a prince treating his thanes in the hall to the best he could find, far or near—was throwing weapons uselessly away. It would be a sad waste when the war broke out. Beowulf had little cause to brag about his armed guard; yet God who ord ains who wins or loses allowed him to strike with his own blade when bravery was needed. There was little I could do to protect his life in the heat of the fray, but I found new strength welling up when I went to help him. Then my sword connected and the deadly assaults of our foe grew weaker, the fire coursed less strongly from his head. But when the worst happened too few rallied around the prince. So it is good-bye now to all you know and love on your home ground, the open-handedness, the giving of war- swords. Every one of you with freehold of land, our whole nation, will be dispossessed, once princes from beyond get tidings of how you turned and fled and disgraced yourselves. A warrior will sooner die than live a life of shame. † This excerpt from the poem shows the transitory state of human relationships proving Beowulf is an elegiac poem. How to cite Beowulf: a Heroic-Elegiac Poem, Essay examples

If Life Gives Me A Chance.... free essay sample

TELL me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream!— For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real! Life is earnest! 5 And the grave is not its goal; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. A Psalm of life, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ( 1807–1882) I first read this poem in an English exam. Afterwards, I was thinking about it the entire day. I kept reciting it for days till I knew the first few lines by heart; I was 15 years old then. My friends asked me why it meant so much to me, why was this poem so different from all the other quotes I loved to collect? That got me thinking. It was freer than most poems I read, it blended into the rhyme scheme without a conscious effort, it conveyed more than just what it said, and one had to read between the lines. We will write a custom essay sample on If Life Gives Me A Chance. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But still, this was nothing new, most poems did just this. Why was this so different? I love to write poems myself, and felt I had a critical take on poems because I could actually â€Å"put on† the poet’s shoes. Longfellow wrote predominantly lyric poems which are known for their musicality and often presented stories of mythology and legend. I felt this poem deviated from his usual music-oriented touch. It was refreshingly open and so true! I was tired of the pessimism and complaints I heard all around me. This poem helped me get a grip in my life when I was faltering under the relentless pressure that all students face when they try to juggle academics, sports, hobbies and a score of other activities in their senior school years. And how it animated my writing! It inspired me to write with feeling and ironically helped me find my love for free-verse. If I told anyone that a Longfellow poem helped me establish that I felt most comfortable in free-verse, they would pr obably laugh, but it was the truth. There is an insane freedom in free-verse and I wrote nearly 25 poems in 5 days which was quite a number for me. From then on. it continually served as a reminder for one of the basic missions of my life: keep moving forward. No matter what happens, we need to act so that tomorrow finds us further along the road to our dreams than we are today. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way; 10 But to act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than to-day. I began to weigh my options after that. What did I really want to be? It was an uncertain time. This poem taught me not to procrastinate in life especially when you are in charge of it. Many people may not believe in destiny but secretly, I do believe that everything happens for a reason. I have always been ambitious but this got me thinking about the actual heights I wanted to climb. This was when I realized why I wanted to be a doctor and why I wanted to be an oncologist. Lives of great men all remind us 25 We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time; I wanted to leave my footprints behind. I wanted to change people’s lives; I wanted to be the reason for positive change. Being a doctor I could do a lot ,but just that prospect was not enough for me any longer, somehow I felt there was more to do; much more to the choice of where I could invest my talents. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate; Still achieving, still pursuing, 35 Learn to labor and to wait. While preparing for the my tenth grade boards I gradually fell into research mode, I learnt how much I loved finding things for myself and how research was the missing piece in my puzzle. What I loved to do was to explore. Whether it was writing a new article or finding the right topic for my science project I happily took to research as my preparation method of choice. I learnt how patiently forming a theory theorizing and cautiously speculating could lead to long term conclusions. Now I know. This is what I want to be, this is what I want to do. Life is real! Life is earnest! 5 And the grave is not its goal; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. I want to live life to the fullest; to experience what I haven’t, feel what I can only imagine. The soul wasn’t born to die in vain, it was born to sail through the skies, travel far and wide, touch the farthest horizons. Life may not be what you expected, Nor is it always pleasant, But somewhere somehow we’ll find a way to survive; ‘Cause you are special and you will shine: We’ll create new heights together Just put your hand in mine.

Little hnya Review Essay Example

Little hnya Review Paper Essay on Little hnya A Little hnya was not hnya, and not a small one. This book one of the best books written by Russian authors (a little long definition, but it is necessary to decide: here there are authors who write in Russian, and there are which translated), I have read recently. And this is not leisurely compliment to the author, but the harsh truth. Although the word severe certainly not the image of the author, and even more so with the texts, is not consistent. In order to understand how Laura Beloivan large enough to see the original School for Scandal with its participation. Beloivan managed to melt the ice of the meticulous, having a firing sight, leading. The Soviet newspapers about people saying so the man challenging fate. Laura Beloivan Nakhodkinskoye finished vocational school, then worked in the Far Eastern Shipping Company. Followed gallery of various professions and now Beloivan engaged in the creation of the first rehabilitation center for injured seals in Russia. In short, there is something of becoming a writer And this not weak and motley life experience has taught the authors main point -. Not afraid of anything. And here it is not that prose Beloivan there is no taboo subjects, rather, there are no borders authors view. In addition, Beloivan not hesitate in choosing the language. Forbidden words for the author of Little hni no. But how delicious and the place they sound! Reality not hidden. Embellishment do not make sense. Thats life. Well, it is not always joyful and happy, someone did not know? At any punches fate Beloivan corresponds humor, ironically, boldness. And because survives. And even acquires the ability to take off We will write a custom essay sample on Little hnya Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Little hnya Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Little hnya Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And now, the lyrical hero Laura Beloivan (well said to me, who, for some reason in my head Beloivan stubbornly rearranged in Belovian, the more that Vian got nothing to do with. what!) like a traveler suffering from Moscow-Petushki. As Venichka tried to get to the Red Square but was at the devil in the middle of nowhere, and Beloivan character craves painful to go from Vladivostok to Moscow and is in a place that LJ author appears under the disarming and persuasive pseudonym Ebony. Prose Beloivan combines irony and lightness. This uncharacteristic for our difficult spaces letters vivacity raises the hero of the city, and Vladivostok from edge to edge with all its hills, streets, people, prejudices and absurdities, the broken, like a cardiogram, harmony becomes a fabulous features, acquires its mythology. This city is impossible not to love. I think for Vladivostok Beloivan done more than all those who are on duty is responsible for its tourist attraction. Although it is not important. And the thing that Little hnya a rare book of wit and love of life. . The perfect cure for the blues Quote random:  «I fly over the city and feel like he wanted to hide from the cold, curl cat, bury his nose to the tail, and sleep and sleep , and that the smoke from the chimneys, and so as not to touch anyone, and it is necessary to stretch toe the line along the sea, slipping to awkward hills, and believe in their similarity to San Francisco, which is whether there is, or is not, and pretend pretend constantly pretend that he, Vladimir city, so all of a macho, and oven heating of homes do not see behind the red-brick cruisers built bubbled Chinese and North Korean migrant workers  »

Biography of Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the U.S.

Biography of Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the U.S. Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911–June 5, 2004) was the oldest president to serve in office. Before turning to politics, he had been involved in the movie industry not only through acting but also through serving as the president of Screen Actors Guild. He was the governor of California from 1967–1975. Reagan challenged Gerald Ford in the 1976 presidential election for the Republican nomination but ultimately failed in his bid. However, he was nominated by the party in 1980 to run against President Jimmy Carter. He won with 489 electoral votes to become Americas 40th president. Fast Facts: Ronald Wilson Reagan Known For: 40th president of the U.S., who led the country during the height of the Cold War.Also Known As: Dutch, The GipperBorn: Feb. 6, 1911 in Tampico, IllinoisParents: Nelle Clyde (nà ©e  Wilson), Jack ReaganDied: June 5, 2004 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaEducation: Eureka College  (Bachelor of Arts, 1932)Published Works: The Reagan DiariesHonors and Awards: Lifetime gold membership in the Screen Actors Guild, National Speakers Association  Speaker Hall of Fame,  United States Military Academys  Sylvanus Thayer AwardSpouse(s): Jane Wyman (m.  1940–1949), Nancy Davis  (m.  1952–2004)Children: Maureen, Christine, Michael, Patti, RonNotable Quote: Every time the government is forced to act, we lose something in self-reliance, character, and initiative. Early Life and Career Reagan was born on Feb. 5, 1911, in Tampico, a small town in northern Illinois. He attended and graduated from Eureka College  in Illinois in 1932 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Reagan began his career as a radio announcer that same year. He became the voice of Major League Baseball. In 1937, he became an actor after signing a seven-year contract with Warner Brothers. He moved to Hollywood and made about 50 movies. Reagan was part of the Army Reserve during World War II and was called  to active duty after Pearl Harbor. He was in the Army from 1942 to 1945, rising to the rank of captain. However, he never took part in combat and remained stateside. He narrated training films and was in the Army Air Force First Motion Picture Unit. Reagan was elected Screen Actors Guild president in 1947 and served until 1952, and served again from 1959 to 1960. In 1947, he testified before the House of Representatives concerning Communist influences in Hollywood. From 1967 to 1975, Reagan was the governor of California. 40th President Reagan was the obvious choice for the Republican nomination in 1980. George H.W. Bush was chosen to run as his vice president. He was opposed by President Jimmy Carter. The campaign centered on inflation, the gasoline shortage, and the Iran hostage situation. Reagan won with 51 percent of the popular vote and 489 out of 538 electoral votes. Reagan became president as America entered the worst recession in its history since the Great Depression. This led to the Democrats taking 26 Senate seats from Republicans in the 1982 election. However, recovery soon began and by 1984, Reagan easily won a second term. In addition, his inauguration brought an end to the Iran Hostage Crisis. More than 60 Americans were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979–January 20, 1980) by Iranian extremists. President Carter had attempted to rescue the hostages, but the attempt was unsuccessful due to mechanical failures. Sixty-nine days into his presidency, Reagan was shot by John Hinckley, Jr., who justified the assassination attempt as an effort to woo actress Jodie Foster. Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity. While in recovery, Reagan wrote a letter to then-Soviet Leader  Leonid Brezhnev hoping to find common ground. However, he would have to wait until  Mikhail Gorbachev took over in 1985 before building a better relationship with the Soviet Union and easing tensions between the two nations. Gorbachev ushered in an era of glasnost, greater freedom from censorship and of ideas. This brief period lasted from 1986 to 1991 and ended with the fall of the Soviet Union during the presidency of George H.W. Bush. In 1983, the U.S. invaded Grenada to rescue threatened Americans. They were rescued and the leftists were overthrown. Reagan was easily elected to a second term in 1984 after running against Democratic challenger Walter Mondale. Reagans campaign stressed that it was Morning in America, meaning that the country had entered into a new, positive era. Iran-Contra Scandal and Second Term One of the major issues of Reagans second administration was the Iran-Contra scandal, also called the Iran-Contra Affair, or just Irangate. This involved several individuals throughout the administration. In exchange for selling arms to Iran, money would be given to the revolutionary Contras in Nicaragua. The hope was also that by selling arms to Iran, terrorist organizations would be willing to give up hostages. However, Reagan had spoken out that America would never negotiate with terrorists. The Congress held hearings delving into the Iran-Contra scandal in mid-1987. Reagan eventually apologized to the nation for what had happened. Reagan completed his term on January 20, 1989, after several important meetings with Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev. Death Reagan retired after his second term to California. In 1994, he announced he had Alzheimers Disease and left public life. He died of pneumonia on June 5, 2004. Legacy One of the most important events that occurred during Reagans administration was the growing relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Reagan created a bond with Soviet leader Gorbachev, who instituted a new spirit of openness or glasnost. This would eventually lead to the downfall of the Soviet Union during President H.W. Bushs term in office. Reagans largest significance was his role in helping to bring about that downfall. His massive buildup of weapons, which the USSR could not match, and his friendship with Gorbachev helped usher in a new era that eventually caused the breakup of the USSR into individual states. His presidency was marred, however, by the events of the Iran-Contra Scandal. Reagan also adopted an economic policy whereby tax cuts were created to help increase savings, spending, and investment. Inflation went down and after a time, so did unemployment. However, a huge budget deficit was created. A number of terrorist acts occurred during Reagans time in office, including the April 1983 bombing attack on the U.S. embassy in Beirut. Reagan claimed that five countries typically harbored aided terrorists: Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Nicaragua. Further, Muammar Qaddafi of Libya was singled out as the primary terrorist. Sources Editors, History.com. â€Å"Ronald Reagan.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009.â€Å"‘Morning in America.’†Ã‚  Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association.

Intermediate Level Reading Comprehension

Intermediate Level Reading Comprehension The following intermediate level reading comprehension exercise focuses on the tourism industry, in particular on vocabulary related to accommodations. Valley View Camping Ground Many seasoned tourists find they dont like staying in hotels, and that they prefer to avoid large cities. Does this description fit you? If the answer is yes, The Mountain View Camping Ground is for you. Our camping grounds overlook the spectacular Hampson Valley. We rent tents, bungalows, and roulettes. If DIY yourself is your style bring your own tents or roulettes. All guests enjoy access to cooking facilities, bathrooms with bathing facilities, and a playground for the children. Our panoramic setting offers a wide variety of recreation activities as well as inspiring views of the mountains. Chisom, a quaint summer-resort village, is just 10 minutes by car. Take advantage of the many entertainments, shopping and relaxation opportunities including fitness centers, laundry/valet services, solariums and much more. Have lunch in one of the many restaurants and savor the tasty local cuisine. Mountain View Camping Ground offers fun, relaxation and opportunities for all types of outdoor activities. Call us today to find out how we can make your next holiday perfect. Key Vocabulary Bathing facilities- a place to take a shower or a bath and washBungalow- a small, detached type of accommodationCamping grounds- an area where people can use their tents, roulettes, etc. to campCuisine- style of cookingDIY- do it yourselfFitness centers- a place to get in shapeLaundry/Valet- a shop which will clean your clothesPlayground- a place where children can playQuaint- charmingRecreation- free time activityRoulette- a camperSeasoned tourist- a tourist who has traveled a lotTasty- very good foodTent- a portable enclosure made of cloth in which people can sleepTo avoid- to try to not do somethingTo fit someone- to be appropriate for someoneTo overlook- to have a view ofTo savor- to enjoy greatly Comprehension Quiz 1. What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading? A first-time touristAn old touristA tourist who has traveled a lot 2. The camping grounds overlook: A tall mountainAn area between mountainsA city center 3. What type of accommodation can you not bring with you? A rouletteA tentA bungalow 4. Who cooks dinner? The guestsThe chef at the camping ground restaurantDoesnt say 5. What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views? Laundry/valet servicesA fitness centerRecreation activities 6. Where can tourists try the local cuisine? At Valley View Camping GroundIn ChisomIn a bungalow Comprehension Quiz Answers 1. What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading? ANSWER: A tourist who has traveled a lot 2. The camping grounds overlook: ANSWER: An area between mountains 3. What type of accommodation can you not bring with you? ANSWER: A bungalow 4. Who cooks dinner? ANSWER: The guests 5. What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views? ANSWER: Recreation activities 6. Where can tourists try the local cuisine? ANSWER: In Chisom

The role if Integrated Management System in Developing Inventory Dissertation - 1

The role if Integrated Management System in Developing Inventory Management system in Government Sector - Dissertation Example The government sector in UAE is in the integrated management system primary poses for assisting their store division that effectively processes related tasks of operation.The integrated management system helps to developing and improving any existing gaps and weaknesses when the application is utilized to being tailored to each department process tasks. The gaps and issues related to safety, building developments, staff quality, and the transferring of data that meets international standards sets the level of needed achievement. The weaknesses in proficiency meeting internal practices with sufficient resources can continue the lack of productivity to transferring data or materials from one point to another. This can cause a risk associated to cost that without an integrated management system in place to monitor and detect failure to meeting standards and negatively hinder the organization for progressing. The pursuit for organizations relates to having proficiency in their integral m anagement system that prevents lapse of coverage to processing tasks within certain daily practices. The review of the company internal processes in select departments offers a vantage point of identified gaps, such as, safety issues, building development, staff quality, material requisitions, and material transfers. Thus, the defined element of concern to address such gaps of issues are notion to structure the integrated management system in a way that adapts to each department needs for proficiency. This is key to solving the problem identified of slow responses from the government store division to the targeted consumer, in the ability, to structuring the technology resources effectively that limits overall associated risks. The aim is the achievement of objectives that arise from its polices with reference to a specific sector of the business. Further, the mission of having a combination of processes and practices that are used within an organization to aid the implementation of the organization’s policies provides a lasting impression to business model for efficiency. The goal is in reviewing the slow responses of productive processing of tasks that are mirrored - to certain integral management systems capabilities in the delivering of objectives that arise from these policies, is known as Integrated Management System [Def.] In the identification of risks the business processes in Operational Risk [Def.] are categorized into four areas: 1. Quality- risk of supplying the customer with a different product or service 2. Safety- risk associated with the supply of an unsafe product/service, or workers getting injured during production 3. Environment- risk of producing a product that could be harmful for the environment and/or the consumer 4. Security- risk involved with being associated with criminal activity during the provision of a product The core investment in business relates to the managing the resources that improves the overall profitability of the organization. Therefore, the needs is to having a huge cash flow constraint is imperative for the organization to optimize inventory using the analytical and statistical methods applied by an integrated approach. Respectively, the optimizing inventory is an output of many inter-organizational processes that making it one of the major challenges can hinder on reaching a desired outcome. The pursuit for the organization to lower service levels often it has been noticed that company’

Citibank case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Citibank case study - Essay Example It showed a net income of US $1.6 billion in the first quarter of 2009. In due course of time, the financial condition began deteriorating due to corrupted financial dealings captivating within the banking systems of California in the year 2011. The bank was accused due to its filling of fraudulent documents related to mortgages. As a result, numerous customers of California filed varied types of allegations against Citibank which hampered its brand equity and revenue by a significant extent. Moreover, it also hindered the loyalty and dependency of its target customers resulting in the amplification of organizational risks (Bloomberg L.P, 2012). In addition, the reason for which the lenders accused Citibank was due to change of ownerships of the mortgaged houses. It was mainly identified by a bankrupt home owner of New York named Linda Tirelli in order to regain her collaterals. Besides, it was entirely denied by Citigroup so that the image of the organization can be maintained (Bloo mberg L. P, 2012). Thus, it can be affirmed from the above mentioned facts, that it was a situation of corruption, which declined its individuality from the minds of house owners in California. Question 2: Was the company liable, socially responsible and accountable? Yes, Citibank, as one of the largest players in the international banking and financial sector of United States was accused of providing unethical services to its customers. This is because, Citibank was charged due to its presentation of wrong information regarding the housing mortgages to the citizens of California. Moreover, it also passed various inaccurate facts to the housing departments of United States as well, which resulted in loss of huge funds provided by the government (Scribd, n.d.). The management of Citibank was entirely responsible and accountable for the protest against the violation of the rules of Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insurance programme of United States by offering wrong information to customers. In addition, the higher officials of Citibank were also accused for lending low interest rates in case of housing loans in order to enhance its range of customers as well as total revenue among other apparent players in the market. This resulted in lowering of trust and confidence over the mortgage schemes of FHA insurance offered by Citibank (Scribd, n.d.). Question 3: Is capitalism a just system for allocating resources? Capitalism is referred as the philosophy of financial system that mainly favors personal ownership by an individual or an organization offering services in order to earn revenue or profits. In capitalist economy, an individual or a corporation mainly aims to enhance his/her personal welfare as compared to publics (Scribd, n.d.). Moreover, capitalist economy also desires to prevent his/her individual interest in the market or within the communities. In addition, according to Hofstede (n.d.), individualism is a type of cultural dimension, in which indi viduals are more conscious about their personal relatives and families rather than societies. The citizens of these types of economies are focused on their individual achievement and victory. In addition, self-interest rather than empathy is the prime objective of a capitalist economy (Hofstede, n.d.). Thus, economy of United States also shows highest degree of individualism, which mainly concentrates on the benefits of individuals. Moreover, the citizens of United States were not at all interested to work in

Acid Violence in Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Acid Violence in Bangladesh Essay Acid throwing on women and girls are on the rise in Bangladesh. Of all the gender-based violence directed at women, one of the most horrific is acid attacks. Acids are used to disfigure and sometimes kill women and girls. Reported reasons for the acid-throwing attacks include the refusal of an offer of marriage, dowry disputes, domestic fights, and disputes over property.. For the last few years, it has been on the rise in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Cheap and easy availability of acids makes it the most effective weapon for man to use against girls or young womens faces to prove that they have no right to deny a mans proposal and is one of the extreme forms of repression and violation of womens right. The consequence of acid attacks on survivors brings dramatic change in their lifestyle. Most of them have to give up their education or work. Social isolation, fear of further attacks, and insecurity damage their self-esteem and confidence. Illiteracy, poverty, threats to further retribution, and ignorance about legal support increase their miseries. Social awareness, economic and psychological support, rehabilitation, and strict enforcement of laws are key to combat acid violence in Bangladesh. Purpose: Our purpose here is to find out and show how many victims are there in Bangladesh. And show what are the reasons behind it, causes of Acid Throwing, and last but not the least the effects of acid throwing. Methodology: 1. Information Collection: We collected the information through internet basically. We also managed the information from some NGO’s like Asha, Mukti and Sheba. The daily newspaper was a great help. The Acid Survivor Foundation helped a lot. 2. Analysis Presentation: We have separated the analysis in some part. The parts are Causes of Acid Throwing, Effects of Acid Throwing, Prevention of Acid Throwing, Laws against Acid Throwing. Limitation: While preparing the report we have faced some problems like gathering Information, where to find it, how to present the reports, victims are not comfortable to talk about it and many other things, We tried to overcome this things and tried to make the report as best as possible.

Suffering in Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

Suffering in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Suffering takes on many appearances, depending on how it is received. In King Lear, suffering was very painful to two people, and the giver wasn't necessarily an enemy, pain can be from the ones you love.   A storm isn't something you wouldn't think of when pain comes to mind, but it is an element and part of your environment, so are the people one deals with.   Pain can come from many areas, both far and near.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The enemies in our lives are their to balance the goodness that we feel. The world has balance and they provide it.   The pain that they furnish us comes in many forms, mental and physical.   In Gloucester's case, physical was the main one.   Getting your eyes gouged out must be an excruciating way to experience pain.   The blinding of a person is not only painful, but demeaning and tormenting as well.   Imagine being blinded and having to experience the world all over again.   The frustration of depending on other people and learning how to navigate your surroundings, with all the grace of a child.   This kind of suffering could lead to suicide, and it would have, except Gloucester was blind and couldn't see that there was no cliff to throw himself off of.   His enemies didn't want to kill him, but they already did, internally.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The internal death is the final stage of mental suffering, but there are many stages before the one must go through to get to that last stage.   Many of these stages are shown in King Lear, as he breaks down from a powerful man to a crazy derelict, all because of someone close to him, that he trusted, stabbed him in the back.   The family is part of your environment and so is the weather. A storm can be a gusting hurricane or a conflict with your sister.   Both conflicts cause damage, and the damage may or may not be repairable.   In the case of King Lear, his mental state diminished rather badly.   He was seeing small rodents on his arm and even a elaborate courtroom scene, all in his head. The pain of falling down from grace and having your own children disown you and refuse you love you was too much for old King Lear.

Zoloft

Zoloft Jessica Torres Herzing University Medical Terminology January 14, 2010 Abstract ZOLOFT is a prescription medicine used to treat depression, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (also called OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (also called PTSD) in adults. ZOLOFT is also used to treat OCD in children (ages 6-12) and adolescents (ages 12-17). ZOLOFT is supplied for oral administration as scored tablets containing sertraline hydrochloride equivalent to 25, 50 and 100 mg of sertraline and the following inactive ingredients: dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, D & C Yellow #10 aluminum lake (in 25 mg tablet), FD & C Blue #1 aluminum lake (in 25 mg tablet), FD & C Red #40 aluminum lake (in 25 mg tablet), FD & C Blue #2 aluminum lake (in 50 mg tablet), hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, sodium starch glycolate, synthetic yellow iron oxide (in 100 mg tablet), and titanium dioxide. Zoloft ZOLOFT is supplied for oral administration as scored tablets containing sertraline hydrochloride equivalent to 25, 50 and 100 mg of sertraline and the following inactive ingredients: dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, D & C Yellow #10 aluminum lake (in 25 mg tablet), FD & C Blue #1 aluminum lake (in 25 mg tablet), FD & C Red #40 aluminum lake (in 25 mg tablet), FD & C Blue #2 aluminum lake (in 50 mg tablet), hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, sodium starch glycolate, synthetic yellow iron oxide (in 100 mg tablet), and titanium dioxide. Sertraline hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Sertraline is the generic medication for Zoloft. ZOLOFT oral concentrate is available in a multidose 60 mL bottle. Each mL of solution contains sertraline hydrochloride equivalent to 20 mg of sertraline. The solution contains the following inactive ingredients: glycerin, alcohol (12%), menthol, butylated ydroxytoluene (BHT). The oral concentrate must be diluted prior to administration. Zoloft come in different colors some witch are white, green, and blue. Some of the manufactures imprint their logo on the pills so they know which is theirs. Zoloft is sometimes good to treat symptoms of depression but it varies from person to person. Make sure you always consult with your doctor if symptoms worsen. References www. drugs. com www. pdrhealth. com

Handmaids Tale †Basic Response Essay

One of the ways in which The Handmaid’s Tale creates opportunities to respond is through its discussion and exploration of a dystopian society. A dystopian society is often characterised as a futuristic setting with oppressive societal control and elements of totalitarianism. The Handmaid’s Tale is set in the futuristic Republic of Gilead and a way in which Atwood has chosen to display a dystopian society is through creating a sense that the citizens of Gilead are under constant surveillance, a characteristic of dystopian literature. This can be shown through the reoccurring motif of â€Å"the eye. † The eye motif symbolises the eternal watchfulness of god and the totalitarian state with its recurrence creating a sense that citizens of Gilead are constantly being surveyed. This is shown as Offred states â€Å"to be seen-to be seen- is to be- her voice trembled-penetrated. † The use of repetition and italicise of the word ‘seen’ is used to highlight the fact that individuals don’t want to be seen, creating an ominous presence of control and threat through the constant watching. Another way The Handmaid’s Tale creates opportunities to respond in relation to its dystopian reading is in its discussion of citizens in fear of the outside world. This fear is shown through the presence of â€Å"The Wall. † The wall serves as a symbolic barrier separating Gilead from the outside world and also emphasising the existence of the totalitarian state and its allusion of a perfect world. This meaning is shown as the wall is described to have â€Å"barbed wire along the bottom and broken glass set in concrete along the top. Visual imagery here is used to create fear of the outside world through the literal and metaphorical barrier the wall represents. It is also important to note that the value of Atwood’s text is evident in the way it is a cautionary novel, designed to provide a reflection and thus provide commentary on the potential for 21st century society to adopt these extremes. Therefore the novels exploration of elements of dystopian society including the perceived surveillance of citizens and fear of the outside world creates opportunities to respond to The Handmaid’s Tale in relation to its comments about dystopian society, making it valuable. Even though the totalitarian regime has been destroyed, Atwood warns us that governments can still exploit woman. In the Historical Notes, it is concerning how Professor Pieixoto states, â€Å"No new system can impose itself upon a previous one without incorporating many of the elements to be found in the latter. † This implies that selected characteristics of the dystopian Gilead Republic will be adopted by a new government. Another way in which The Handmaid’s Tale creates opportunities to respond is through its complex interpretation from a feminist perspective. This is shown within the novel as the Handmaid’s bodies are used for procreation, their sexual freedom has been denied. This is seen through the constant discussion of fertility with Offred often belittling herself and her body to be used, â€Å"we are like containers, it’s only the insides of our bodies that are important. The outside can become hard †¦ like the shell of a nut. † Here a simile is used to continue to degrade and dehumanise Offred through equating her to a simple â€Å"nut,† an empty being, only valued for her fertility. Also the way in which women are used for procreation is shown through the motif of red, â€Å"a nondescript woman in red,† with women here further dehumanised to â€Å"nondescript† beings. The motif of red is used to represent fertility. The way females are often referred to as red throughout the text highlights how the Handmaids’ sole purpose within the society of Gilead is to procreate, demonstrating once again how females within the society are only valued for their bodies. In regards to a feminist interpretation, male dominance is also presented throughout the novel through the discussion of sterile- this is again italicised to emphasise its effect relating to a feminist viewpoint as males don’t go to colonies yet females do highlighting gender inequality. The inclusion of these elements discusses a range of feminist concerns allowing it to be interpreted in a myriad of different ways, increasing its value. The Handmaid’s Tale furthermore creates opportunities to respond through its inclusion of post-modern elements thus making it valuable. The novel can be read from a post-modern perspective as Atwood uses self- reflexivity as a means of questioning what is truth. This is shown when Offred admits, â€Å"This is a reconstruction, all of it is a reconstruction. It’s a reconstruction now, in my head. † The use of repetition, â€Å"reconstruction† creates emphasis and awareness of how the story Offred tells is only fractured pieces of the story, taken apart and put back together. Atwood here is trying to make her reader’s question if what is being said is true; implying that not everything read is necessarily true. This post-modern analysis which believes in the existence of multiple truths can be further seen through Offred’s narration shown as she questions â€Å"you want the best for her. Don’t you? † Here metafiction is used as Offred directly communicates with the audience, presenting an element of post- modern literature. From a post-modern interpretation the truthfulness of Offred’s singular narration is questionable accentuated when she consciously reinstates, â€Å"I don’t want to be telling this story. † This highlights how her narration could be subjected bias rather than truth. Thus The Handmaid’s Tale can be interpreted from a post-modern perspective making it valuable as this is one of the many ways it can be responded to. In conclusion it is through the different ways to respond to Margaret Atwood’s novel, The Handmaid’s Tale that the text possesses value. These responses are generated in relation to dystopian, feminist and post-modern interpretations that the novel discusses. Each of these comments on 21st century society and encourage audiences to respond to their own society in different ways making the text valuable.

Law and Policy in Society

Law and Policy in Society It is not an everyday occurrence that someone must decide the destiny of another's life. The quandary of making a judgment that someone must die in order for the others to survive, can clearly be troubling. The procedure in which the termination of one's life may be easy to make, but to justify that choice is the most complicated one.Today, you can have an abortion if your child is mentally retarded... if it is in the first trimester of a woman's pregnancy. It used to not be this way and when dealing with the law as evolutionary adaptation it merely tries to make things better off for society now and in the future. You take one step at a time and when you look at the years before us, evolutionary adaptation has come a long way. With these new laws or changed laws coming into play it is essential that they are followed to better our society.English: President George H. W. Bush signs the Ame...Law as Morality is just on of the many laws that differentiates between state to state but th is one also differentiates from person to person. Law as morality is a law that comes from what you think is morally correct. Morality is the choices we make, and the actions we take. Moral people behave according to personal and public ethics. Immoral people deviate from established behavior. Since the purpose of laws is to condone one type of behavior and condemn another, the making of laws impacts our actions. In a situation such as a set of twins whom are connected at birth and one is going to have to die to save the other. The only thing is, is that one of the twins is healthier than the other, so which one do you kill? Law and morality play a large role...

Profile of Joseph Lister, Father of Modern Surgery

Profile of Joseph Lister, Father of Modern Surgery English surgeon Joseph Lister  (April 5, 1827–February 10, 1912), Baron Lister of Lyme Regis, is considered the father of modern surgery for his  work developing sterilization procedures that saved countless lives. Lister pioneered the use of carbolic acid for sanitizing operating rooms and employed antiseptic surgical procedures to prevent deadly postoperative infections. Early Years Born on April 5, 1827 in Essex, England, Joseph Lister was the fourth of seven children born to Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabella Harris. Listers parents were devout Quakers, and his father was a successful wine merchant with scientific interests of his own: he invented the first achromatic microscope lens, an endeavor that earned him the honor of being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. The young Listers love for science grew as he became fascinated with the microscopic world introduced to him by his father. Lister decided at an early age that he wanted to become a surgeon and thus prepared for this eventual career by delving into science and mathematics subjects at the Quaker schools he attended in London.   After entering the University of London in 1844, Lister earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1847 and a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1852. Listers achievements during this time included serving as house surgeon at the University College Hospital of the University of London and being selected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Research and Personal Life In 1854, Lister went to the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in Scotland to study under the famous surgeon James Syme. Under Syme, Listers professional and personal life flourished: he met and married Symes daughter, Agnes, in 1856. Agnes was  invaluable as a wife and partner, assisting Joseph with  his medical research and laboratory experiments. Joseph Listers research was centered on inflammation and its impact on wound healing. He published a number of papers regarding muscle activity in the skin and eyes, coagulation of blood, and blood vessel engorgement during inflammation. Listers research led to his appointment as Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow in 1859. In 1860, he was named a Fellow of the Royal Society. Implementation of Antisepsis By 1861, Lister was leading the surgical ward at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. During this time in history, surgery was performed only when absolutely necessary due to high death rates associated with infections. With little understanding of how germs like bacteria caused disease, surgical procedures were regularly performed in  unsanitary conditions. In an attempt to combat wound infections, Lister began to employ cleanliness techniques used by Florence Nightingale and others. This process involved keeping the environment clean, changing dressings, and washing hands. However, it was not until he read the works of  Louis Pasteur that Lister began to link germs with surgical wounds. While Lister was not the first to suggest that microorganisms were the cause of hospital associated diseases or that infections could be reduced through antiseptic methods, he was able to marry these ideas and effectively implement treatment for wound infections. In 1865, Lister began using carbolic acid (phenol), a substance used in sewage treatment, as an antiseptic to treat compound fracture wounds. These injuries were commonly treated by amputation, as they involved penetration of the skin and significant tissue damage. Lister used carbolic acid for hand washing and treatment of surgical incisions and dressings. He even developed an instrument for spraying carbolic acid into the air in the operating room. Lifesaving Antiseptic Success Listers first success case was  an eleven year old boy who had suffered injuries from a horse cart accident. Lister employed antiseptic procedures during treatment, then found that the boys fractures and wounds healed without infection. Further success ensued as nine of eleven other cases where carbolic acid was used to treat wounds showed no signs of infection. In 1867, three articles written by Lister were published in Londons weekly medical journal, The Lancet. The articles outlined Listers method of antiseptic treatment based on the germ theory. In August of 1867, Lister announced at the Dublin meeting of the British Medical Association that no deaths associated with blood poisoning or gangrene had occurred since antiseptic methods had been fully employed in his wards at Glasgows Royal Infirmary. Later Life and Honors In 1877, Lister assumed the chair of Clinical Surgery at Kings College in London and began practicing at Kings College Hospital. There, he continued to research ways to improve his antiseptic methods and develop new methods for treating injuries. He popularized the use of gauze bandages for wound treatment, developed rubber drainage tubes, and created ligatures made from sterile catgut for stitching wounds. While Listers ideas of antisepsis were not immediately accepted by many of his peers, his ideas eventually gained nearly worldwide acceptance. For his outstanding achievements in surgery and medicine, Joseph Lister was ennobled a Baronet by Queen Victoria  in 1883 and  received  the title Sir Joseph Lister. In 1897, he was made Baron Lister of Lyme Regis and awarded the Order of Merit by King Edward VII in 1902. Death and Legacy Joseph Lister retired in 1893 following the death of his beloved wife Agnes. He later suffered a stroke, but was still able to consult on treatment for King Edward VIIs appendicitis surgery in 1902. By 1909, Lister had lost the ability to read or write. Nineteen years after the passing of his wife, Joseph Lister died on February 10, 1912 at Walmer in Kent, England. He was 84 years old. Joseph Lister revolutionized surgical practices by applying the germ theory to surgery. His willingness to experiment with new surgical techniques led to the development of antiseptic methods that focused on keeping wounds free of pathogens. While changes have been made to Listers antisepsis methods and materials, his antiseptic principles remain the foundation for todays medical practice of asepsis (total elimination of microbes) in surgery. Joseph Lister Fast Facts Full Name: Joseph ListerAlso Known As: Sir Joseph Lister, Baron Lister of Lyme RegisKnown For: First to implement antiseptic method in surgery; father of modern surgeryBorn: April 5, 1827 in Essex, EnglandParents Names: Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabella HarrisDied: February 10, 1912 in Kent, EnglandEducation: University of London, Bachelor of Medicine and SurgeryPublished Works: On a New Method of Treating Compound Fracture, Abscess, etc. with Observation on the Conditions of Suppuration (1867); On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery (1867); and Illustrations of the Antiseptic System of Treatment in Surgery (1867)Spouse Name: Agnes Syme (1856-1893)Fun Fact: Listerine mouthwash and the bacterial genus Listeria were named after Lister Sources Fitzharris, Lindsey. The Butchering Art: Joseph Listers Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine. Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. Gaw, Jerry L. A Time to Heal: the Diffusion of Listerism in Victorian Britain. American Philosophical Society, 1999. Pitt, Dennis, and Jean-Michel Aubin. Joseph Lister: Father of Modern Surgery. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468637/. Simmons, John Galbraith. Doctors and Discoveries: Lives That Created Todays Medicine.  Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Performance Measurement and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Performance Measurement and Analysis - Essay Example Coors’s six planks also suggest their closer proximity with it vision statements when they declare that they will continue to improve the quality of their human resource by contiously upgrading their skill levels in order to improve their performance. However there is another gap between the statements where vision statement mentions for bringing in new and innovative change in the industry in order to help them evolve and thrive however the Six Planks do not seems to suggest any effort on the part of the company to initiate any change which can affect the whole industry recipe. A close analysis of the vision statement of the Coors’ Operations and Technology department suggest that they consider their internal business as their own stakeholders with the responsibility to deliver the best and freshest beer while ensuring everything to deliver it in superior packaging at competitive cost. Further the department considers itself an innovative place to deliver quality beer to its drinkers. The department also set learning as one of their vision objectives as each individual within the department seems to be well versed with his work. Further the department also believes in bring in more value to their brands so that they can gain consumer trust. A close analysis of the Supply Chain guiding principles suggests a very closer link with the vision statement of the department and there are very subtle gaps between the two. The only gap which seems to me a major gap is again less emphasis on the social responsibility. The department has probably failed to translate its responsibility to external stakeholders as its guiding principals are silent as to how they are going to effectively play its part in showing responsiveness to its external customers by translating its department which is just not focused on cutting costs and reducing the waste. The gaps in

Geography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Geography - Assignment Example The first phase in weathering of rocks is fracturing, which entails the formation of joints and cracks. Jointing a means through which rocks yield to both external and internal stresses including tectonic movements, contraction and expansion as a result of chemical or physical changes. Joints in rocks result from cooling or when pressure on their rock surface gets offloaded through erosion. Joints facilitate weathering by creating free space weathering agents, which increasing the surface area of rocks exposed to agents of physical or chemical weathering (Spellman, 2009). â€Å"They play an important part in rock weathering as zones of weakness and water movement† (Spellman, 2009, p.96). A slope failure refers to the collapsing of a slope caused by weakened stability of the earth in the event of an earthquake or heavy downpour. In most cases, slope failure often catches people unaware when it happens near residential areas causing high fatality rates. In order to determine whether a building lot is safe, it is important to assess slope failure factors such as gravity, physical properties of slope materials, and level of saturation of the area. Assessing all these factors would reveal the level of safety of the building

Diversity And Discrimination In the Work Place, Can It Ever Be Essay

Diversity And Discrimination In the Work Place, Can It Ever Be Overcome - Essay Example Therefore, to overcome this discrimination, diversity management policies should have a high focus on increasing awareness, sensitizing the staff and ensuring inclusive policies. Causes of Discrimination and Strategies to Overcome Awareness In the recent years, eliminating any discrimination due to diversity has been a topic that has received the attention of researchers and scholars. One of the main reasons because of which discrimination takes place in workplace is the lack of awareness that leads to insensitive and discriminatory behavior (Nishii and Wright, 2008). Hence, creating awareness should be one of the most important steps when it comes to diversity management. In addition, creating awareness does not mean having certain non-discriminatory policies at workplace, instead it means educating employees and making them understand how to acknowledge as well as accept the diversity that they would be experiencing. This is particularly crucial in a situation where the majority of employees belong to one particular group (age, gender, ethnic origin, sexual orientation and so on). In such a situation, discrimination can even happen in the form of isolation (Nishii and Wright, 2008). For example, most organizations have a policy of non-discrimination with regard to homosexuals, but due to the stigma associated with homosexuality, it is possible that the individual is looked at in a different manner because of the sexual orientation. Therefore, both the Human Resources team as well as the management should work in tandem through formal sessions, online trainings and need-based individual sessions to improve awareness. Acknowledgement and Acceptance According to Green, Lopez, Wysocki... The paper stresses that with rising competition and challenges related to economic recession, it is necessary for the organization to ensure that any form of discrimination is eliminated because it can result in not just the loss of productivity, but it can also compromise the ethical foundation of the organization. Across the world, the message of equality and acceptance is being propagated and hence, a good diversity management policy which is effectively implemented can help in overcoming the challenge of discrimination at workplace. The report makes a conclusion that , most organizations have a process called diversity training which aims at informing and educating the management as well as the staff about diversity and the advantages that a diverse workforce can provide to the organization. Additionally, some organizations have also implemented the policy of diversity audit. This audit is carried out through means such as surveys and personal interviews to understand if there are any hidden prejudices or discrimination that exists in the organization. A diversity audit can not only help in resolving any discrimination issues, but it can also provide information on how to improve the diversity management strategies from an employee’s perspective. The author declares that one of the major mistakes that organizations make with regard to diversity management is that they frame certain policies and implement it, but do not subject it to periodic review. This can be drawback because as trends related to divers ity change; the needs of diversity management also undergo a change. Hence, they should periodically review these policies to see if it suits their needs of the current set of employees that the organization has.

Analyzing Various Types Of Debt Instruments Existing Finance Essay

Analyzing Various Types Of Debt Instruments Existing Finance Essay INTRODUCTION First chapter describes the basis behind doing this study. Then, it examines the objectives of this study and some limitations of the study. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to analyze various types of Debt instruments existing. It aims to develop an understanding of the growth of the topic. It also includes the impact of these instruments on the country and on various companies. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The main objectives of this paper are To conduct a study on the requirement of debt instruments To understand why debts instruments are important To analyze these instruments LIMITATIONS OF STUDY Due to lack of information available the graphs and the statistics shown are of previous years (2007-2008) As the data was gathered from secondary sources, the authority of the data could not be tested. Another problem was knowledge constraint and this report is an attempt to gather as much of relevant data as possible. However, every effort was made to ensure that these do not in any way adversely affect the results of the study. INTRODUCTION The debt markets today are a major source of financing than the banking system. It is any market situation where debt instruments are traded. It establishes a planned environment where the debts are traded amongst the interested parties. The debt markets are known by other names based on the types of instruments are traded. For example when municipal or corporate bond are traded, debt market is called bond market whereas if notes or securities or mortgages are traded market is called credit market. The debt market is three times larger than stock/equity market. The debt markets are categorized into two other markets called money market and capital market. Money market is a subsection of the fixed income market. It specializes in short-term debts with the maturity of one-year. Capital markets specialize in long-term debts. It is a market in which financial instruments are traded by the institutions and individuals. Institutions or organizations in either private or public sectors sell securities to raise funds in these markets. Both these terms are mistakenly applied. In capital market assets (including equities) are taken into consideration and they are amortized over the period of time. Money market is more of debts which are readily sold at price predictable within short time. But it is very difficult to distinguish between money and non-money based on one year maturity line. Some of the debt instruments are traded Over-the-counter and not through exchanges. They are traded in an electronic network market where the brokers or dealers act as mediators. Money markets are not accessible by small investors except through MFs. Corporate associates or groups or even individual investors may participate in the debt market. There may be very little difference between how corporate associates or an individual participate depending on the regulations of the government. The interest rates are the price of the money which increases with the increase in the demand to borrow money. The debt market is influenced by credit-worthiness of the borrower, term-to-maturity, security for loan and many other factors. But government also tries to regulate the interest rates to stimulate the economies with complete focus on inflation. The main advantage of debt market is the degree of risk associated with the investment opportunity is very low. For the investors who avoid participating in the riskier ventures in which there is less or smaller returns favors bonds and similar investments. A significant amount of money is earned even of returns are not high in the debt market. WHAT ARE DEBT INSTRUMENTS? For every individual financial planning is an important task. For the preservation of principal amount the investors should distribute a major portion of their investments in debt instruments. A debt instrument is an electronic obligation or any paper that permits an issuing party to raise funds by assuring it to pay back a lender in accordance with the terms and conditions of a contract. The predetermined conditions which are mentioned in the contract are the periodicity and rate of interest and the date of the repayments of the principal amount. Debt instruments  are an easier way for  participants and markets transfer the rights of  debt obligations from one party to another. Debt obligation  transferability increases liquidity and gives creditors a means of trading debt obligations  on  the market. Without debt instruments acting as a means to facilitate trading, debt is an obligation from one party to another. When a debt instrument is used as a medium to facilitate debt trading, debt obligations  can be moved from one party to another quickly and efficiently. In Indian Securities market, the term bond is used for debt instrument given by Central and state government and the term debenture is used for the instruments issued by private sectors. OBJECTIVE OF DEBT INSTRUMENT Preservation of principal amount and getting modest returns is the main objective of the debt funds. Investors look for both short-term and long-term investments. There are many instruments available in the market so one can choose easily any or mix of instruments according to its requirements. FEATURES OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS The features of the instruments are: Safety of the principal amount Guaranteed returns for the investors. Some of these instruments also qualify for tax rebates under Section 80C. Currently 8-9% interest per annum are quoted for medium to long-term deposits whereas it is 6-7% returns for short-term deposits Nowadays, many banks provide funds sweep-in /sweep-out facility where a balance beyond a certain limit automatically gets converted into a fixed deposit and banks pay the fixed deposit interest on it. This can be an option for a short-term horizon. There are three main features of debt instruments Maturity Coupon Principal Maturity Maturity refers to the date on which the bond matures. It is the date on which the borrower agrees to repay the principal amount. Term-to-maturity refers to the number of years remaining for the bond to mature. It changes every day from the date of the issue to the maturity of the bond. It is also called the tenure or term of the bond. Coupon Coupon Rate refers to the periodic payment of interest made by the issuer of the bond to the lender of the bond. Coupons are declared either by stating the number (example: 8%) or with a benchmark rate (example: MIBOR+0.5%). It is usually represented as a percentage of the face value or the par value of the bond. Principal It is the amount which is borrowed. It is the face or the par value of the bond. The product of the coupon rate and principal is the coupon. For example a GS CG2008 11.40% bond refers to a Central Government bond maturing in the year 2008, and paying a coupon of 11.40%. Since Central Government bonds have a face value of Rs.100, and normally pay coupon semi-annually, this bond will pay Rs. 5.70 as six- monthly coupon, until maturity, when the bond will be redeemed. The term to maturity of a bond can be calculated on any date, as the distance between such a date and the date of maturity. It is also called the term or the tenor of the bond. For instance, on February 17, 2004, the term to maturity of the bond maturing on May 23, 2008 will be 4.27 years. The general day count convention in bond market is 30/360European which assumes total 360 days in a year and 30 days in a month. There is no rigid classification of bonds on the basis of their term to maturity. Generally bonds with tenors of 1-5 years are called short-term bonds; bonds with tenors ranging from 4 to 10 years are medium term bonds and above 10 years are long term bonds. In India, the Central Government has issued up to 30 year bonds. CHARACTERISTICS OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS The primary characteristics of debt instruments are: Issuance of an instrument is easy Any company with or without past track record can issue these instruments Rate of interest are fixed or floating Fixed commitments are imposed on servicing Debt instruments may be flexible in the period of repayment or nature of interest but they impose fixed commitments on servicing or business. Failure to do servicing of these instruments would be termed as default with adverse effects on the companys standing in the financial sector. Risk is low Investors in such instruments being creditors of the company have priority over equity and preference shareholders in receiving return (in the form of interest) in such instruments. These carries priority claim on the assets of the firm (if secured) in the event of bankruptcy. TYPES OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS There are various debt instruments. The debt instruments can be categorized into long-term and short-term debt depending on the time for which the amount has been raised or the repayment period. The debt instruments are mentioned as follows: C:UsersdellDesktopdebtinst.bmp Long term Debt Long-term debts are mainly bonds and debentures with the tenure greater than one year. Debentures A debenture is an instrument of debt executed by the company acknowledging its obligation to repay the sum at a specified rate and also carrying an interest. Company can raise loan capital from debentures A debenture is thus like a certificate of loan or a loan bond evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest and although the money raised by the debentures becomes a part of the companys capital structure, it does not become share capital. The main characteristics of debentures are: Fixed interest instrument with changeable period of maturity May or may not be listed on stock exchange, if listed they should be rated by any of the credit rating agencies chosen by SEBI Can be either offered for subscription or privately placed A debenture redemption reserve has to be maintained when offered for subscription The period of maturity varies from 3 to 10 years and may also be more for projects having high gestation period Types of debentures Various types of debentures are as follows: Non convertible debentures (NCD) Fully convertible debentures (FCD) Partially convertible debentures (PCD) NCDs are those in which total amount if instrument in redeemed by the lender whereas FCDs are those in which the whole value of the instrument is converted into equity. The conversion price is given when the instrument is borrowed. PCDs are those in which part of the instrument is redeemed and part of it is converted into equity. Conversion price is the price of each equity share received by converting the par or face value of the debenture. The number of equity shares exchangeable per unit of the convertible security i.e. debentures is called the conversion ratio. The period of time after which the debenture is converted into equity is called the conversion period. The convertible instruments are generally used to stem the sudden outflow of the capital at the time of maturity of the instrument causing temporary liquidity problems. Alternately, the company has to raise funds from a different source or issue fresh instruments to tide over and also has to bear the transaction costs in the process. Debentures might be either callable or puttable. Callable debenture is a debenture in which the issuing company has the option of redeeming the security before the specified redemption date at a pre-determined price. Similarly, a puttable security is a security where the holder of the instrument has the option of getting it redeemed before maturity. Bonds A bond is a debt security in which authorized borrower or issuer owes the lender or the holder a debt and is obliged to repay the principal amount and interest at maturity. It is a loan in the form of securities having varying terminologies: The issuer is equivalent to the borrower, the bond holder to the lender, and the coupon to the interest. It enables the issuer to finance long-term investments with external funds. Bonds and stocks are both securities, but the major difference between the two is that stock-holders are the owners of the company (i.e., they have an equity stake), whereas bond-holders are lenders to the issuing company. Another difference is that bonds usually have a defined term, or maturity, after which the bond is redeemed, whereas stocks may be outstanding indefinitely. An exception is a consol bond, is a perpetuity bond (i.e., bond with no maturity). There may be many types of bonds- such as infrastructure, regular income, deep discounts or tax savings. These are instruments having fixed interest rate and a definite period of maturity. The main difference between bonds and debentures is that debenture is secured and bond is not. Hence bonds have higher rate of interest than debentures. There are many kinds of bonds available such as: Floating rate or fixed rate bonds High yield bonds Subordinated bonds Perpetual bonds Asset-backed securities Bearer bond Zero Coupon bonds Registered bond Inflation linked bonds Book entry bonds Municipal bonds War bond Lottery bond Medium term loan These are loans extended for a period of 2 to 5 years. The purposes for which these loans are issued are: Short gestation projects: The short gestation projects could be for purchase of balancing equipment, for incremental expansion of capacity. Refinancing of loans in case of very long projects where the repayment of the term loans might occur prior to sufficient cash flows being generated by the project. For meeting any other medium term shortfall in funding arising out of an acquisition or bulleted repayment of a large loan, etc The methods for issuing medium term loans are similar to those required for project finance. In case of meeting a medium term mismatches not linked to a project or equipment, the financing decision would be on the basis of a cash flow analysis indicating the need for such medium term funding and an analysis of overall profitability and financial to the business to provide lender comfort. Other than these aspects, the procedures for availing Medium Term loans follows the requirements sought by the lenders in case of Project financing/ long term lending. Public Deposits These are those deposits that are achieved by many small and large firms from the public. The public deposits are issued mainly to finance the working capital requirements of the firm. The rate of interest offered varies with time period of the public deposits. The rate of interest which is mostly offered by the companies on the deposits made on one year is 8-9%, for two year deposits rate is 9-10% and for three years rate offered is 10-11%. For public deposits there are some rules which the companies have to follow according to Companies Amendment Rules 1978: 3 years is the maximum period of maturity for public deposits whereas 6 months is minimum period For NBFC 5 years is the maximum period of maturity The companies need to disclose the information regarding the financial position and performance 10% of the deposits need to be kept aside by the companies every year by 30th April by the companies having public deposits. This will mature by 31st March next year. Advantages enjoyed by companies Simple and Easy process in gaining public deposit No restrictive agreement Reasonable cost incurred after tax No collateral Disadvantages Very limited funds raised Short period of maturity Advantages enjoyed by investors Higher rate of interest Shorter maturity period Disadvantages No tax exemption No collateral Short-term debts The debts which are raised for less than one year are short-term debts. These are categorized into market instruments and financial assistance granted by NBFC, Commercial Banks and Term Lending Institutions focusing on the short term needs of a business. Commercial Paper These are unsecured promissory notes. These are issued by those companies having high credit ratings. The maturity of CPs is 1 to 270 days. They are issued at face value and redeemed at face value. CPs can be issued by companies, which have a minimum networth of Rs.4 crores and needs a mandatory credit rating of minimum A2 (ICRA), P2 (Crisil), D2 (Duff Phelps) and PR2 (Credit Analysis Research). The rating should not be more than 2 months old. It can be issued for a minimum amount of Rs.25 lakhs and more in multiples of Rs.5 lakh. Since the companies are not pledging any collateral, only companies having high credit-worthiness are allowed to issue CPs. They are usually sold at discounts and have higher interest repayments dates than bonds. Advantages: Flexibility in maturity Lower cost of capital with high credit ratings Disadvantages: It brings down credit limits of the banks Very restrictive about issuance of CPs Limited to blue chip companies Inter-Corporate Deposits (ICDs) These are funds raised by corporate companies from other corporate. This is a form of dis-intermediated financing, where corporate with surplus funding directly lend to those in need of funding of such funds and thereby save on the spreads that banks would have charged in borrowing from one to lend to the other. This is very efficient means of investment. The ICDs issuance was very poor in India. In early nineties companies raised funds from public without even identifying the projects for investments. These sums were then deployed in the ICDs market where the borrowers more often than not invested in the booming financial assets (shares) or real estate. Often monies were lent to group companies for propping up the shares of different companies of the group. The end of the boom in financial and real assets saw significant amounts of defaults in ICDs and a virtual closure of the market.

A Doll’s House Essay -- Literary Analysis, Kate Chopin

As a child progresses through the various stages of life, he or she may crawl across the knots of knitted carpet, gallop around the plastic structures of a schoolyard and weave amongst a mass of people, each one traveling a different route to arrive at destinations poles apart, but unless a sense of worth, instilled by a parent’s assurance, overflows from the mouth of this developing being, the journey to find oneself amid the throng of individuals will prove an arduous and extensive one—possibly spanning one’s lifetime. Kate Chopin, in The Awakening, and Henrik Ibsen, in A Doll’s House, understood the significance of a parental figure in the development of a young person’s self-esteem, even in the Victorian Era, highlighting this fact with a void in the parental seat of the lives’ of their protagonists, Edna Pontellier and Nora Helmer, respectively. The vacant maternal role and feeble paternal relationship influences each of the protagonis ts’ sense of self-worth, which projects through relationships with their husbands, children, society as a whole and, their ultimate choice of abandonment. Employing realism, ridding the work of all fantasy and overtly extravagant elements for the audience to recognize themselves in various situations, Chopin and Ibsen allow â€Å"unfolding† (Roberts 1664) events as their works progressed, to disclose events previous to the span of the work; they cast shadows on events in literary present, exposing the cause of the problem—the mother’s absence in the protagonists’ lives. In the case of Edna Pontellier, her father’s â€Å"authority† (Chopin 77), â€Å"putting [his] foot down good and hard† (77), facilitated her mother’s expedition to the grave, while Nora Helmer’s mother goes without mention over the play’... ...arch of other’s to tell her of her beauty, for she does not have this revelation within herself since her father seemingly forgot to inform her. Likewise, Nora, although the decision lacked good, needed to Anne’s confirmation that her children â€Å"would [not] forget their mother† (Ibsen 30) if she were to leave, due to her inability to come to this conclusion alone; both search for others’ approval and finding that it comes only from within, each abandon their oppressing forces which all stem from their society’s establishments. In the denouements of both works, the protagonist realizes that their entire lives have been guided and charted by others rather than themselves and make a decision to press forward, without the superfluous contributions and disdain of others, despite the ramifications such a decision incurs, such as the repetition of the motherless child.

The Life of Andrew Carnegie

A man of Scotland, a distinguished citizen of the United States, and a philanthropist devoted to the betterment of the world around him, Andrew Carnegie became famous at the turn of the twentieth century and became a real life rags to riches story. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, on November 25, 1835, Andrew Carnegie entered the world in poverty. The son of a hand weaver, Carnegie received his only formal education during the short time between his birth and his move to the United States. When steam machinery for weaving came into use, Carnegie†s father sold his looms and household goods, sailing to America with his wife and two sons. At this time, Andrew was twelve, and his brother, Thomas, was five. Arriving into New York on August 14, 1848, aboard the Wiscasset from Glasgow, the Carnegies wasted little time settling in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, where relatives already existed and were there to provide help. Allegheny City provided Carnegie†s first job, as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory, working for $1. 20 a week. His father also worked there while his mother bound shoes at home, making a miniscule amount of money. Although the Carnegies lacked in money, they abounded in ideals and training for their children. At age 15, Carnegie became a telegraph messenger boy in Pittsburgh. He learned to send and decipher telegraphic messages and became a telegraph operator at the age of 17. Carnegie†s next job was as a railroad clerk, working for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He worked his way up the ladder, through his dedication and honest desire to succeed, to become train dispatcher and then division manager. At this time, young Carnegie, age 24, had already made some small investments that laid the foundations of his what would be tremendous fortune. One of these investments was the purchase of stock in the Woodruff Sleeping Car Company. In 1864, Carnegie entered the iron business, but did not begin to make steel until years later. In 1873, he built the Edgar Thomson works in Braddock, Pennsylvania, to make Bessemer steel. He established many other steel plants, and in 1892, he merged all of his interests into the Carnegie Steel Company. This act from Carnegie is fitting with one of his most famous quotations, â€Å"Put all of your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket. † This firm became one of the greatest industrial enterprises in America. Carnegie later sold it to J. P. Morgan†s United States Steel Corporation in 1901 for $400 million, which would be a little over $4 billion today! After retiring, Carnegie†s fortune was estimated to be as large as half a billion dollars. From that time on, with the philosophy that the rich have a moral obligation to give away their money, he devoted himself to philanthropy. Although ironic, this man of great fortune strongly believed in the merits of poverty for the development of character and work ethic, and determined that wealthy men should not leave their fortunes to their children, but should give it away, claiming â€Å"The man who dies thus rich, dies disgraced. † The picture of community service, Carnegie is quoted as saying, â€Å"Pittsburgh entered the core of my heart when I was a boy, and cannot be torn out. I can never be one hair†s breadth less loyal to her, or less anxious to help her in any way, than I have been since I could help anything. My treasure is still with you, and how best to serve Pittsburgh is the question which occurs to me almost every day of my life. † Colonel James Anderson, who Carnegie believes to be his childhood benefactor, established a public library in his hometown of Allegheny City. This library was the first opportunity for Carnegie to take advantage of free information, and he developed a vast interest for knowledge, checking out at least one book a week, and developing himself as a young boy. With Colonel Anderson†s generous contribution to his society molding Carnegie†s childhood, and his beliefs on how large fortunes can be used for the betterment of society, it becomes obvious that Carnegie would focus particularly on promoting education, establishing 2,811 free libraries in all. Of these, 1,946 were located in the United States with at least one in every state except Rhode Island. Also, 660 were founded in Britain and Ireland, 156 in Canada, and a handful of libraries were also scattered in New Zealand, the West Indies, and even Fiji. Caregie†s contributions gave existence to his dream of establishing chances of self-education in a time when public libraries were scarce. Not only did he give large amounts of money to libraries, but also to other philanthropic organizations, establishing some of his own. The Carnegie Corporation of New York was established for â€Å"the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. † The $135 million donated by Carnegie was used in grants to colleges, universities, and other educational institutions. Money also went to organizations that conduct basic research and experimental programs dealing with education and public affairs. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was founded to promote international peace and understanding, conducting programs of research, discussion, publication, and education in the international affairs and United States foreign policy. Currently the program focuses on issues such as arms control, international law, and relations between the United States and foreign countries. It publishes the quarterly journal, Foreign Policy, and has offices in New York City and Washington, D. C. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching promotes the dignity in the teaching profession and the cause of higher education. Chartered by Carnegie in 1905 with $15 million, the foundation established the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association in 1918, and currently provides retirement pensions for teachers of colleges, technical schools, and universities in the United States and Canada. Their studies have had much influence on American higher education. Also benefiting from Carnegie†s charity include various Carnegie museums of history, science, and art, Carnegie Hall in New York, and other public spirited organizations. Before 1919, when Carnegie died, he had given away $350,695,653, and at his death, the last $30 million was likewise given away to foundations, charities, and pensioners. He left a mark on society not only through his enormous monetary provisions, but also with his own literature. Carnegie loved to promote his ideas and opinions in print, and has written many works outlining these philosophies, including Triumphant Democracy (1886), The Gospel of Wealth (1900), The Empire of Business (1902), Problems of Today (1908), and an Autobiography (1920) (Mitzen 182). Although Carnegie only stood somewhere between 5†³2†³ and 5†³6†³, he â€Å"had to be a great, tough, disciplined giant of a man. † His commitment to others is not only seen through his many munificent works, but in the way he lived, including his tombstone in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery of North Tarrytown, New York, where the epitaph reads, â€Å"Here lies a man who was able to surround himself with men far cleverer than himself. â€Å"

Define Functional Organizations and Product Organization

Functional Organizations This is the traditional type of organization. Under functional departments, employees with closely related skills and responsibilities (functions) are located in the same department. Workers in each of these functions specialized in their tasks and knowledge. For example, senior management set rules and procedures as how to transfer the sales orders into the production schedule, how the customer service deal with complaints and warranty issues. They also have large input in the production process.The main advantage of functional organization is efficiency. It works best in small to medium-sized firms that offer relatively few product lines or services. Example of this functional organization will be for a company that manufactured outdoor BBQ stoves. The Sales people get the orders from the customers; the orders are transfer to the production department for production. Products are made and shipping department ships them to customers. Each department is rated by their department performance.Quality department could delay shipment if they feel the product is not meeting specification, affecting Sales target and their commission. Product Organizations Product organizations are formed based on a particular product, or service. Each of these departments can operate fairly autonomously. A key advantage is better coordination and fewer barriers to communication among the functional specialists who work on a particular product. , Therefore, able to response to customers in a timely way.On the other hand, the disadvantage is that product-oriented departments might actually work at cross purposes. For Example, Toyota has a luxury high end line of automobiles called Lexus in addition to their Toyota Brand. Dealer either sells Toyota or Lexus but not both. Each dealer has the same Sales and Service department. The logic behind this split is Toyota management believe the customers who buy the Lexus brand are more affluent and demand higher and bett er service.

Free Essays on True Father Of Huck

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name of Mark Twain, tells the story of Huck’s travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. Huck lived in a small town with his biological father, Pap; a drunk who had caused him many problems. However, in the novel, the character of Jim is portrayed as the â€Å"true father† of Huck. Because Jim acts as a role model and a mentor to Huck along their journey down the river, he proves to be more of a father figure to Huck than his biological father Pap. A father teaches his son lessons. Jim taught Huck many lessons both intentionally and indirectly. Jim shows Huck that slaves are real people, just like himself, despite the different color of skin. Huck gained a greater amount of respect for Jim when he talked of missing his family. Jim also shared with Huck that he remembers beating his little four-year-old girl once. Jim told Huck he regretted his actions and was overcome with sadness, and of how he misses his family towards the end of the novel. Jim teaches Huck that slaves are not different because of color; they have feelings, emotions, and love their families just as much as whites. Sharing this compassionate side of Jim teaches Huck that slaves are not completely different simply because of color. Jim allows Huck to see that slaves have feelings, emotions, and love their families just as white folk would love theirs. Jim cares for and protects Huck, just as a father should. When Jim and Huck went exploring in the two-story house, Jim would not let Huck see the dead man in the house. â€Å"’Come in, Huck, but doan’ look at his face- it’s too gashly’. I didn’t look at him at all. Jim throwed some old rags over him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jim covered the man so Huck wouldn’t have to look at him. The dead man was his Pap. Jim did not want Huck to have to see his father’s face and be upset. Jim was looking out for Huck and t... Free Essays on True Father Of Huck Free Essays on True Father Of Huck The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name of Mark Twain, tells the story of Huck’s travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. Huck lived in a small town with his biological father, Pap; a drunk who had caused him many problems. However, in the novel, the character of Jim is portrayed as the â€Å"true father† of Huck. Because Jim acts as a role model and a mentor to Huck along their journey down the river, he proves to be more of a father figure to Huck than his biological father Pap. A father teaches his son lessons. Jim taught Huck many lessons both intentionally and indirectly. Jim shows Huck that slaves are real people, just like himself, despite the different color of skin. Huck gained a greater amount of respect for Jim when he talked of missing his family. Jim also shared with Huck that he remembers beating his little four-year-old girl once. Jim told Huck he regretted his actions and was overcome with sadness, and of how he misses his family towards the end of the novel. Jim teaches Huck that slaves are not different because of color; they have feelings, emotions, and love their families just as much as whites. Sharing this compassionate side of Jim teaches Huck that slaves are not completely different simply because of color. Jim allows Huck to see that slaves have feelings, emotions, and love their families just as white folk would love theirs. Jim cares for and protects Huck, just as a father should. When Jim and Huck went exploring in the two-story house, Jim would not let Huck see the dead man in the house. â€Å"’Come in, Huck, but doan’ look at his face- it’s too gashly’. I didn’t look at him at all. Jim throwed some old rags over him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jim covered the man so Huck wouldn’t have to look at him. The dead man was his Pap. Jim did not want Huck to have to see his father’s face and be upset. Jim was looking out for Huck and t...